| Key to the Measures |
inside front cover
|
| How to Use the Energy Efficiency Manual |
front endsheet
|
| A Personal Note: The Right Way to Do Energy Conservation |
7
|
| Expression of Gratitude |
13
|
|
|
17
|
| 1.1 Equipment Scheduling and Operating Practices |
19
|
| 1.2 Boiler Plant Efficiency Measurement |
43
|
| 1.3 Air-Fuel Ratio |
59
|
| 1.4 Burner and Fan Systems |
71
|
| 1.5 Draft Control |
93
|
| 1.6 Firesides and Watersides |
109
|
| 1.7 Combustion Gas Heat Transfer and Heat Recovery |
119
|
| 1.8 Condensate, Feedwater, and Water Treatment |
137
|
| 1.9 Fuel Oil Systems |
173
|
| 1.10 Steam and Water Leakage |
181
|
| 1.11 Conduction and Radiation Losses |
211
|
| 1.12 System Design for Efficient Low-Load Heating |
225
|
|
|
237
|
| 2.1 Equipment Scheduling and Operating Practices |
239
|
| 2.2 Optimum Operating Temperatures |
263
|
| 2.3 Condenser and Evaporator Heat Transfer Efficiency |
275
|
| 2.4 Heat Rejection Equipment |
289
|
| 2.5 Pump Energy Consumption |
317
|
| 2.6 Compressors |
331
|
| 2.7 Refrigerant Condition |
337
|
| 2.8 System Design for Efficient Low-Load Cooling |
355
|
|
367
|
| 2.10 Heat Recovery from Chillers |
385
|
| 2.11 Cooling Thermal Storage |
405
|
|
|
437
|
| 3.1 Reducing Service Water Consumption |
439
|
| 3.2 Water Heating Systems |
457
|
| 3.3 Service Water Pumping |
479
|
|
|
497
|
| 4.1 Minimizing Duration of Operation |
505
|
| 4.2 Outside Air Intake and Building Pressurization |
517
|
| 4.3 Single-Zone Systems |
579
|
| 4.4 Single-Duct Reheat Systems |
605
|
| 4.5 Dual-Duct Reheat Systems |
637
|
| 4.6 Multizone Systems |
651
|
| 4.7 Variable-Air-Volume Single-Duct Systems |
661
|
| 4.8 Variable-Air-Volume Dual-Duct Systems |
681
|
| 4.9 Induction Systems |
691
|
|
|
701
|
| 5.1 Minimizing Equipment Operation |
703
|
| 5.2 Radiators and Convectors |
719
|
| 5.3 Fan-Coil Units |
741
|
| 5.4 Self-Contained Air Conditioners and Through-Wall Heat Pumps |
753
|
| 5.5 Remotely Cooled Air Conditioning Units and Heat Pumps |
763
|
| 5.6 Heat Pump Loop Systems (Additional Measures) |
779
|
| 5.7 Direct-Fired Heating Units |
797
|
|
|
805
|
| 6.1 Personnel Doors |
807
|
| 6.2 Garage, Loading, and Equipment Doors |
825
|
| 6.3 Window Air Leakage |
859
|
| 6.4 Other Envelope Leakage |
863
|
|
|
873
|
| 7.1 Roofs and Attics |
875
|
| 7.2 Walls and Soffits |
889
|
| 7.3 Glazing Insulation |
907
|
|
|
913
|
| 8.1 Reducing Cooling Load: Windows & Skylights |
917
|
| 8.2 Reducing Cooling Load: Opaque Surfaces & Overall |
953
|
| 8.3 Daylighting |
965
|
| 8.4 Passive Solar Heating |
1007
|
|
|
1017
|
| 9.1 Lamps and Fixtures, Incandescent |
1021
|
| 9.2 Lamps and Fixtures, Fluorescent |
1045
|
| 9.3 Lamps and Fixtures, H.I.D. and L.P.S. |
1071
|
| 9.4 Lighting Controls, Manual |
1085
|
| 9.5 Lighting Controls, Automatic |
1097
|
| 9.6 Lighting Layout |
1115
|
| 9.7 Fixture Maintenance and Marking |
1151
|
|
|
1159
|
| 10.1 A.C. Induction Motors |
1161
|
| 10.2 Centrifugal Pumps |
1177
|
| 10.3 Fans |
1187
|
| 10.4 Standby Equipment |
1193
|
|
|
1197
|
Group 1. ENERGY MANAGEMENT TOOLS
|
1199
|
| 10. Clock Controls and Programmable Thermostats |
1199
|
| 11. Personnel Sensors |
1205
|
| 12. Placards |
1213
|
| 13. Energy Management Control Systems |
1219
|
| 14. Control Signal Polling |
1227
|
| 15. Infrared Thermal Scanning |
1229
|
| 16. Measurement of Liquid, Gas, and Heat Flow |
1233
|
| 17. Energy Analysis Computer Programs |
1239
|
|
|
1247
|
| 20. Fossil Fuels |
1247
|
| 21. Electricity Pricing |
1251
|
22. Low-Temperature Heat Sources & Sinks
for Heat Pumps and Cooling Equipment |
1259
|
| 23. Non-Fossil Energy Sources |
1267
|
| 24. Characteristics of Sunlight |
1283
|
Group 3. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
|
1289
|
| 30. Boiler Types and Ratings |
1289
|
| 31. How Cooling Efficiency is Expressed |
1297
|
| 32. Compression Cooling |
1299
|
| 33. Absorption Cooling |
1323
|
| 34. Refrigerants |
1331
|
| 35. Centrifugal Pumps |
1339
|
| 36. Variable-Speed Motors and Drives |
1347
|
| 37. Control Characteristics |
1379
|
Group 4. BUILDING ENVELOPE
|
1385
|
| 40. Building Air Leakage |
1385
|
| 41. How Insulation Works |
1389
|
| 42. Vapor Barriers |
1393
|
| 43. Insulation Selection |
1397
|
| 44. Insulation Integrity |
1403
|
| 45. Insulation Economics |
1405
|
| 46. Daylighting Design |
1407
|
| 47. Passive Solar Heating Design |
1417
|
|
|
1425
|
| 50. Measuring Light Intensity |
1425
|
| 51. Factors in Lighting Quality |
1427
|
| 52. Comparative Light Source Characteristics |
1439
|
| 53. Lighting Efficiency Standards |
1447
|
| 54. Incandescent Lighting |
1449
|
| 55. Fluorescent Lighting |
1461
|
| 56. H.I.D. and L.P.S. Lighting |
1473
|
| 57. Light Distribution Patterns of Fixtures
|
1483
|
| Contributors of Illustrations |
1485
|
| Disclaimer & Warning |
1488
|
| INDEX |
1489
|
